diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/domain/vehicleLookup.test.ts b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/domain/vehicleLookup.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..864a9b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/domain/vehicleLookup.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+import type { QualityIssueRow } from '../api/types';
+import { qualityIssueVehicleLookup } from './vehicleLookup';
+
+function issue(row: Partial<QualityIssueRow>): QualityIssueRow {
+  return {
+    vin: '',
+    plate: '',
+    phone: '',
+    sourceEndpoint: '',
+    protocol: 'JT808',
+    issueType: 'VIN_MISSING',
+    severity: 'warning',
+    lastSeen: '',
+    detail: '',
+    ...row
+  };
+}
+
+describe('qualityIssueVehicleLookup', () => {
+  test('prefers a valid VIN', () => {
+    expect(qualityIssueVehicleLookup(issue({ vin: 'VIN001', plate: '粤A12345', phone: '13300000001' }))).toEqual({
+      key: 'VIN001',
+      label: '车辆服务'
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('uses plate when VIN is missing', () => {
+    expect(qualityIssueVehicleLookup(issue({ vin: 'unknown', plate: '粤A12345', phone: '13300000001' }))).toEqual({
+      key: '粤A12345',
+      label: '按车牌查车'
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('uses phone when VIN and plate are missing', () => {
+    expect(qualityIssueVehicleLookup(issue({ vin: 'unknown', phone: '13300000001' }))).toEqual({
+      key: '13300000001',
+      label: '按手机号查车'
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/domain/vehicleLookup.ts b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/domain/vehicleLookup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f854eb52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/domain/vehicleLookup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import type { QualityIssueRow } from '../api/types';
+
+export type VehicleLookup = {
+  key: string;
+  label: string;
+};
+
+export function qualityIssueVehicleLookup(row: QualityIssueRow): VehicleLookup {
+  const vin = row.vin?.trim();
+  if (vin && vin !== 'unknown') {
+    return { key: vin, label: '车辆服务' };
+  }
+  const plate = row.plate?.trim();
+  if (plate) {
+    return { key: plate, label: '按车牌查车' };
+  }
+  const phone = row.phone?.trim();
+  if (phone) {
+    return { key: phone, label: '按手机号查车' };
+  }
+  return { key: '', label: '车辆服务' };
+}
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx
index d9620b01..1dd8c831 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { api } from '../api/client';
 import type { DashboardSummary, LinkHealth, ProtocolStat, QualityIssueRow, VehicleCoverageRow, VehicleRealtimeRow } from '../api/types';
 import { PageHeader } from '../components/PageHeader';
 import { StatusTag } from '../components/StatusTag';
+import { qualityIssueVehicleLookup } from '../domain/vehicleLookup';
 
 const statusColor: Record<string, 'green' | 'orange' | 'red' | 'grey'> = {
   ok: 'green',
@@ -15,22 +16,6 @@ function formatLag(value?: number | null) {
   return value == null ? '未接入' : value.toLocaleString();
 }
 
-function qualityVehicleLookup(row: QualityIssueRow) {
-  const vin = row.vin?.trim();
-  if (vin && vin !== 'unknown') {
-    return { key: vin, label: '车辆服务' };
-  }
-  const plate = row.plate?.trim();
-  if (plate) {
-    return { key: plate, label: '按车牌查车' };
-  }
-  const phone = row.phone?.trim();
-  if (phone) {
-    return { key: phone, label: '按手机号查车' };
-  }
-  return { key: '', label: '车辆服务' };
-}
-
 export function Dashboard({ onOpenVehicle, onOpenQuality }: { onOpenVehicle: (vin: string) => void; onOpenQuality: () => void }) {
   const [summary, setSummary] = useState<DashboardSummary | null>(null);
   const [coverage, setCoverage] = useState<VehicleCoverageRow[]>([]);
@@ -148,7 +133,7 @@ export function Dashboard({ onOpenVehicle, onOpenQuality }: { onOpenVehicle: (vi
                 title: '操作',
                 width: 130,
                 render: (_: unknown, row: QualityIssueRow) => {
-                  const lookup = qualityVehicleLookup(row);
+                  const lookup = qualityIssueVehicleLookup(row);
                   return <Button disabled={!lookup.key} onClick={() => onOpenVehicle(lookup.key)}>{lookup.label}</Button>;
                 }
               }
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/pages/Quality.tsx b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/pages/Quality.tsx
index 2e8f98aa..32863c4b 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/pages/Quality.tsx
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/web/src/pages/Quality.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { api } from '../api/client';
 import type { OpsHealth, QualitySummary, QualityIssueRow } from '../api/types';
 import { PageHeader } from '../components/PageHeader';
+import { qualityIssueVehicleLookup } from '../domain/vehicleLookup';
 
 const statusColor: Record<string, 'green' | 'orange' | 'red' | 'grey'> = {
   ok: 'green',
@@ -49,22 +50,6 @@ async function copyText(value: string, label: string) {
   }
 }
 
-function vehicleLookup(row: QualityIssueRow) {
-  const vin = row.vin?.trim();
-  if (vin && vin !== 'unknown') {
-    return { key: vin, label: '车辆服务' };
-  }
-  const plate = row.plate?.trim();
-  if (plate) {
-    return { key: plate, label: '按车牌查车' };
-  }
-  const phone = row.phone?.trim();
-  if (phone) {
-    return { key: phone, label: '按手机号查车' };
-  }
-  return { key: '', label: '车辆服务' };
-}
-
 export function Quality({
   onOpenVehicle,
   onHealthLoaded
@@ -194,7 +179,7 @@ export function Quality({
               title: '操作',
               width: 250,
               render: (_: unknown, row: QualityIssueRow) => {
-                const lookup = vehicleLookup(row);
+                const lookup = qualityIssueVehicleLookup(row);
                 return (
                   <Space spacing={4}>
                     <Button size="small" icon={<IconCopy />} onClick={() => copyText(row.phone, '手机号')}>手机号</Button>