diff --git a/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/FactIds.java b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/FactIds.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa1cdfdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/FactIds.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.lingniu.ingest.facts;
+
+import com.lingniu.ingest.api.ProtocolId;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.HexFormat;
+
+public final class FactIds {
+
+    private FactIds() {
+    }
+
+    public static String rawFrameId(ProtocolId protocol,
+                                    String vehicleKey,
+                                    int messageId,
+                                    int subType,
+                                    Instant receivedAt,
+                                    String checksum) {
+        if (protocol == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("protocol must not be null");
+        }
+        String input = protocol.name() + "|"
+                + clean(vehicleKey) + "|"
+                + messageId + "|"
+                + subType + "|"
+                + (receivedAt == null ? "" : receivedAt.toString()) + "|"
+                + clean(checksum);
+        return "rf_" + sha256(input).substring(0, 32);
+    }
+
+    public static String decodedFactId(String frameId, String kind, int ordinal) {
+        return "df_" + clean(frameId) + "_" + clean(kind) + "_" + ordinal;
+    }
+
+    private static String clean(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    private static String sha256(String value) {
+        try {
+            MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
+            return HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest.digest(value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("SHA-256 is unavailable", e);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/ParseStatus.java b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/ParseStatus.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1855f7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/ParseStatus.java
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.lingniu.ingest.facts;
+
+public enum ParseStatus {
+    NOT_PARSED,
+    SUCCEEDED,
+    FAILED
+}
diff --git a/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/RawFrameFact.java b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/RawFrameFact.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17298499
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/main/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/RawFrameFact.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.lingniu.ingest.facts;
+
+import com.lingniu.ingest.api.ProtocolId;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public record RawFrameFact(
+        String frameId,
+        ProtocolId protocol,
+        String vehicleKey,
+        String vin,
+        String phone,
+        int messageId,
+        int subType,
+        Instant eventTime,
+        Instant receivedAt,
+        String peer,
+        String rawUri,
+        String checksum,
+        long rawSizeBytes,
+        ParseStatus parseStatus,
+        String parseError,
+        Map<String, String> metadata
+) {
+    public RawFrameFact {
+        frameId = required(frameId, "frameId");
+        if (protocol == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("protocol must not be null");
+        }
+        vehicleKey = required(vehicleKey, "vehicleKey");
+        receivedAt = required(receivedAt, "receivedAt");
+        eventTime = eventTime == null ? receivedAt : eventTime;
+        rawUri = required(rawUri, "rawUri");
+        checksum = required(checksum, "checksum");
+        if (rawSizeBytes < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("rawSizeBytes must not be negative");
+        }
+        parseStatus = parseStatus == null ? ParseStatus.NOT_PARSED : parseStatus;
+        vin = clean(vin);
+        phone = clean(phone);
+        peer = clean(peer);
+        parseError = clean(parseError);
+        metadata = metadata == null ? Map.of() : Map.copyOf(metadata);
+    }
+
+    private static String required(String value, String field) {
+        String cleaned = clean(value);
+        if (cleaned.isBlank()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(field + " must not be blank");
+        }
+        return cleaned;
+    }
+
+    private static Instant required(Instant value, String field) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(field + " must not be null");
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    private static String clean(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value.trim();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/test/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/FactIdsTest.java b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/test/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/FactIdsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf5ffa29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/test/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/FactIdsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.lingniu.ingest.facts;
+
+import com.lingniu.ingest.api.ProtocolId;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class FactIdsTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void rawFrameIdIsStableForSameInputs() {
+        String first = FactIds.rawFrameId(
+                ProtocolId.GB32960,
+                "VIN001",
+                2,
+                7,
+                Instant.parse("2026-06-29T00:00:00Z"),
+                "sha256:abc");
+        String second = FactIds.rawFrameId(
+                ProtocolId.GB32960,
+                "VIN001",
+                2,
+                7,
+                Instant.parse("2026-06-29T00:00:00Z"),
+                "sha256:abc");
+
+        assertThat(first).isEqualTo(second).startsWith("rf_");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void decodedFactIdIncludesKind() {
+        String id = FactIds.decodedFactId("rf_123", "location", 0);
+
+        assertThat(id).isEqualTo("df_rf_123_location_0");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/test/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/RawFrameFactTest.java b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/test/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/RawFrameFactTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74299833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/core/ingest-facts/src/test/java/com/lingniu/ingest/facts/RawFrameFactTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.lingniu.ingest.facts;
+
+import com.lingniu.ingest.api.ProtocolId;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+class RawFrameFactTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void normalizesOptionalStringsAndMetadata() {
+        RawFrameFact fact = new RawFrameFact(
+                "frame-1",
+                ProtocolId.JT808,
+                "jt808:013912345678",
+                null,
+                "013912345678",
+                0x0200,
+                0,
+                null,
+                Instant.parse("2026-06-29T00:00:00Z"),
+                null,
+                "archive://2026/06/29/JT808/jt808-013912345678/frame-1.bin",
+                "sha256:abc",
+                128,
+                ParseStatus.SUCCEEDED,
+                null,
+                Map.of("messageName", "LOCATION"));
+
+        assertThat(fact.vin()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(fact.eventTime()).isEqualTo(fact.receivedAt());
+        assertThat(fact.peer()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(fact.parseError()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(fact.metadata()).containsEntry("messageName", "LOCATION");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void rejectsMissingRequiredFields() {
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> new RawFrameFact(
+                "",
+                ProtocolId.GB32960,
+                "VIN001",
+                "VIN001",
+                "",
+                2,
+                0,
+                Instant.parse("2026-06-29T00:00:00Z"),
+                Instant.parse("2026-06-29T00:00:00Z"),
+                "",
+                "archive://x",
+                "sha256:abc",
+                1,
+                ParseStatus.SUCCEEDED,
+                "",
+                Map.of()))
+                .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("frameId");
+    }
+}