diff --git a/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/model.go b/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/model.go
index a60a4b9d..747bd5ce 100644
--- a/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/model.go
+++ b/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/model.go
@@ -7,16 +7,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Snapshot struct {
-	VehicleKey     string            `json:"vehicle_key"`
-	VIN            string            `json:"vin"`
-	Protocol       envelope.Protocol `json:"protocol,omitempty"`
-	EventID        string            `json:"event_id,omitempty"`
-	EventTimeMS    int64             `json:"event_time_ms"`
-	ReceivedAtMS   int64             `json:"received_at_ms"`
-	SourceEndpoint string            `json:"source_endpoint,omitempty"`
-	Fields         map[string]any    `json:"fields,omitempty"`
-	FieldTimesMS   map[string]int64  `json:"field_times_ms,omitempty"`
-	UpdatedAtMS    int64             `json:"updated_at_ms"`
+	VehicleKey     string              `json:"vehicle_key"`
+	VIN            string              `json:"vin"`
+	Protocol       envelope.Protocol   `json:"protocol,omitempty"`
+	Protocols      []envelope.Protocol `json:"protocols,omitempty"`
+	EventID        string              `json:"event_id,omitempty"`
+	EventTimeMS    int64               `json:"event_time_ms"`
+	ReceivedAtMS   int64               `json:"received_at_ms"`
+	SourceEndpoint string              `json:"source_endpoint,omitempty"`
+	Fields         map[string]any      `json:"fields,omitempty"`
+	FieldTimesMS   map[string]int64    `json:"field_times_ms,omitempty"`
+	UpdatedAtMS    int64               `json:"updated_at_ms"`
 }
 
 type OnlineStatus struct {
diff --git a/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/repository.go b/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/repository.go
index 1c2ea5d2..d4adab3b 100644
--- a/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/repository.go
+++ b/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/repository.go
@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@ func (r *Repository) Update(ctx context.Context, env envelope.FrameEnvelope) err
 		return err
 	}
 
+	protocols, err := r.addProtocol(ctx, vehicleKey, env.Protocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	merged, err := r.GetMerged(ctx, vehicleKey)
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, redis.Nil) {
 		return err
@@ -69,15 +74,12 @@ func (r *Repository) Update(ctx context.Context, env envelope.FrameEnvelope) err
 		merged.ReceivedAtMS = env.ReceivedAtMS
 		merged.SourceEndpoint = env.SourceEndpoint
 	}
+	merged.Protocols = protocols
 	merged.UpdatedAtMS = nowMS
 	if err := r.setJSON(ctx, mergedKey(vehicleKey), merged, r.cfg.ttl()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	protocols, err := r.addProtocol(ctx, vehicleKey, env.Protocol)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	online := OnlineStatus{
 		VehicleKey: vehicleKey,
 		VIN:        vin,
diff --git a/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/repository_test.go b/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/repository_test.go
index 5497fc21..169ce4f1 100644
--- a/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/repository_test.go
+++ b/go/vehicle-gateway/internal/realtime/repository_test.go
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ func TestRepositoryUpdatesMergedAndProtocolSnapshots(t *testing.T) {
 	if merged.Fields[envelope.FieldLatitude] != 30.5 {
 		t.Fatalf("new latitude missing: %#v", merged.Fields)
 	}
+	if got := protocolNames(merged.Protocols); strings.Join(got, ",") != "GB32960,JT808" {
+		t.Fatalf("merged protocols = %#v", got)
+	}
 	protocol, err := repo.GetProtocol(ctx, "VIN001", envelope.ProtocolJT808)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("GetProtocol() error = %v", err)
@@ -237,3 +240,11 @@ func newTestRepository(t *testing.T) (*Repository, func()) {
 func stringsContains(value string, pattern string) bool {
 	return strings.Contains(value, pattern)
 }
+
+func protocolNames(protocols []envelope.Protocol) []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(protocols))
+	for _, protocol := range protocols {
+		names = append(names, string(protocol))
+	}
+	return names
+}