diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/handler.go b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/handler.go
index 2d17c41f..8a616f06 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/handler.go
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/handler.go
@@ -186,6 +186,10 @@ func (h *Handler) handleOpsHealth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 func (h *Handler) write(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, data any, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
+		if clientErr, ok := asClientError(err); ok {
+			httpx.WriteError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, clientErr.Code, clientErr.Message, "", traceID(r))
+			return
+		}
 		httpx.WriteError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "INTERNAL", "服务处理失败", err.Error(), traceID(r))
 		return
 	}
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/handler_test.go b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/handler_test.go
index 125b9fe8..e9df9b0d 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/handler_test.go
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/handler_test.go
@@ -941,6 +941,47 @@ func TestHandlerRawFramesPostAcceptsKeyword(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHandlerRawFramesRejectsUnscopedIncludeFields(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := NewHandler(NewService(NewMockStore()))
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		req  *http.Request
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "get",
+			req:  httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/history/raw-frames?limit=1&includeFields=true", nil),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "post",
+			req:  httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/history/raw-frames/query", strings.NewReader(`{"limit":1,"includeFields":true}`)),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			handler.ServeHTTP(rec, tc.req)
+			if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+				t.Fatalf("status = %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+			}
+			var body struct {
+				Error struct {
+					Code    string `json:"code"`
+					Message string `json:"message"`
+				} `json:"error"`
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("response JSON should decode: %v body=%s", err, rec.Body.String())
+			}
+			if body.Error.Code != "RAW_FRAME_SCOPE_REQUIRED" {
+				t.Fatalf("error code = %q body=%s", body.Error.Code, rec.Body.String())
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(body.Error.Message, "车辆或时间范围") {
+				t.Fatalf("error message should explain required scope: %s", rec.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandlerRawFramesKeepsUnresolvedKeywordEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	handler := NewHandler(NewService(NewMockStore()))
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/service.go b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/service.go
index e419868a..b599f849 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/service.go
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/platform/service.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package platform
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"math"
 	"net/url"
 	"sort"
@@ -56,6 +57,23 @@ type Service struct {
 	runtime RuntimeInfo
 }
 
+type clientError struct {
+	Code    string
+	Message string
+}
+
+func (e clientError) Error() string {
+	return e.Message
+}
+
+func asClientError(err error) (clientError, bool) {
+	var target clientError
+	if errors.As(err, &target) {
+		return target, true
+	}
+	return clientError{}, false
+}
+
 var canonicalVehicleProtocols = []string{"GB32960", "JT808", "YUTONG_MQTT"}
 
 func completeProtocolStats(stats []ProtocolStat) []ProtocolStat {
@@ -737,6 +755,12 @@ func (s *Service) RawFrames(ctx context.Context, query RawFrameQuery) (Page[RawF
 	if query.Limit <= 0 || query.Limit > 500 {
 		query.Limit = 100
 	}
+	if query.IncludeFields && !rawFrameQueryHasNarrowScope(query) {
+		return Page[RawFrameRow]{}, clientError{
+			Code:    "RAW_FRAME_SCOPE_REQUIRED",
+			Message: "RAW 解析字段查询需要提供车辆或时间范围",
+		}
+	}
 	if strings.TrimSpace(query.VIN) == "" {
 		query.VIN = query.Keyword
 	}
@@ -750,6 +774,14 @@ func (s *Service) RawFrames(ctx context.Context, query RawFrameQuery) (Page[RawF
 	return s.store.RawFrames(ctx, query)
 }
 
+func rawFrameQueryHasNarrowScope(query RawFrameQuery) bool {
+	return strings.TrimSpace(query.VIN) != "" ||
+		strings.TrimSpace(query.Keyword) != "" ||
+		strings.TrimSpace(query.DateFrom) != "" ||
+		strings.TrimSpace(query.DateTo) != "" ||
+		len(query.Fields) > 0
+}
+
 func (s *Service) MileageSummary(ctx context.Context, query url.Values) (MileageSummary, error) {
 	resolvedQuery, err := s.resolveVehicleQuery(ctx, query)
 	if err != nil {