diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/assets/openapi.yaml b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/assets/openapi.yaml
index acf59ccf..52413691 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/assets/openapi.yaml
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/assets/openapi.yaml
@@ -167,7 +167,8 @@ paths:
       description: |
         plateNumbers 省略或传空数组时返回应用当前有效授权的全部车辆。
         实时来源优先级为 GB32960 > YUTONG_MQTT > JT808；所有来源超过10分钟时改按最新记录选择。
-        记录时间距当前不超过60秒视为在线；在线且速度大于3km/h为行驶中，否则为静止中。
+        任一采集协议在最近60秒内上报即视为在线；protocol、位置、速度和记录时间仍按上述来源优先级选择。
+        在线且所选来源速度大于3km/h为行驶中，否则为静止中。
       operationId: queryRealtimeVehicles
       security:
         - AppKeyAuth: []
@@ -714,7 +715,7 @@ components:
         totalMileageKm: { type: number, format: double, nullable: true }
         recordTime: { type: string }
         timeDifferenceSeconds: { type: integer, format: int64, minimum: 0 }
-        online: { type: boolean }
+        online: { type: boolean, description: 任一采集协议是否在最近60秒内上报 }
         motionStatus: { type: string, enum: [driving, idle, offline] }
         locationAvailable: { type: boolean }
         status: { $ref: '#/components/schemas/DataStatus' }
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/model.go b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/model.go
index 955ba9da..98848d9a 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/model.go
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/model.go
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ type RealtimeVehiclePoint struct {
 	SpeedKmh       float64
 	TotalMileageKm float64
 	ObservedAt     time.Time
+	Online         bool
 }
 
 type RealtimeVehicleResult struct {
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/mysql.go b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/mysql.go
index 799238a8..6bbe9cfb 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/mysql.go
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/mysql.go
@@ -162,13 +162,20 @@ ORDER BY l.vin,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer rows.Close()
+	onlineThreshold := now.Add(-time.Minute)
 	for rows.Next() {
 		var point RealtimeVehiclePoint
 		if err := rows.Scan(&point.VIN, &point.Protocol, &point.Longitude, &point.Latitude, &point.SpeedKmh, &point.TotalMileageKm, &point.ObservedAt); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		if _, exists := out[point.VIN]; !exists {
+		point.Online = !point.ObservedAt.Before(onlineThreshold)
+		if selected, exists := out[point.VIN]; !exists {
 			out[point.VIN] = point
+		} else if point.Online && !selected.Online {
+			// The selected source still follows the documented protocol priority, but
+			// online means that any source for this VIN reported in the last minute.
+			selected.Online = true
+			out[point.VIN] = selected
 		}
 	}
 	return out, rows.Err()
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/mysql_test.go b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/mysql_test.go
index f53f7793..9d979085 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/mysql_test.go
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/mysql_test.go
@@ -185,6 +185,33 @@ func TestTotalMileageUsesProtocolPriorityAndLatestRecordAtOrBeforeTime(t *testin
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRealtimeVehiclesAnyFreshProtocolKeepsSelectedSourceOnline(t *testing.T) {
+	db, mock, err := sqlmock.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+	now := time.Date(2026, 8, 3, 21, 37, 30, 0, time.Local)
+	vin := "LTEST32960VIN0001"
+	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT l.vin,l.protocol.*FROM vehicle_realtime_location").
+		WithArgs(vin, now.Add(-10*time.Minute)).
+		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"vin", "protocol", "longitude", "latitude", "speed_kmh", "total_mileage_km", "updated_at"}).
+			AddRow(vin, "GB32960", 120.1, 30.2, 0, 1000, now.Add(-2*time.Minute)).
+			AddRow(vin, "JT808", 120.2, 30.3, 10, 0, now.Add(-20*time.Second)))
+
+	points, err := NewMySQLRepository(db).RealtimeVehicles(context.Background(), []string{vin}, now)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	point := points[vin]
+	if point.Protocol != "GB32960" || !point.Online || !point.ObservedAt.Equal(now.Add(-2*time.Minute)) {
+		t.Fatalf("selected source and aggregate online state mismatch: %#v", point)
+	}
+	if err := mock.ExpectationsWereMet(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestListVehicleGrantsUsesBinaryVINJoin(t *testing.T) {
 	db, mock, err := sqlmock.New()
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/service.go b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/service.go
index 90d1f410..7e39a123 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/service.go
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/service.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (s *Service) QueryRealtimeVehicles(ctx context.Context, appKey, traceID str
 			item.Protocol = point.Protocol
 			item.RecordTime = point.ObservedAt.In(s.location).Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
 			item.TimeDifferenceSeconds = &difference
-			item.Online = difference <= 60
+			item.Online = point.Online
 			item.MotionStatus = "offline"
 			if item.Online && point.SpeedKmh > 3 {
 				item.MotionStatus = "driving"
diff --git a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/service_test.go b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/service_test.go
index 5936d106..11ad5744 100644
--- a/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/service_test.go
+++ b/vehicle-data-platform/apps/api/internal/openplatform/service_test.go
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func TestRealtimeVehicleAndHydrogenStationQueries(t *testing.T) {
 			"浙B67890": {VIN: "LTEST32960VIN0002", Plate: "浙B67890"},
 		},
 		realtime: map[string]RealtimeVehiclePoint{
-			"LTEST32960VIN0001": {VIN: "LTEST32960VIN0001", Protocol: "GB32960", Longitude: 120.1, Latitude: 30.2, SpeedKmh: 42.5, TotalMileageKm: 12345.6, ObservedAt: now.Add(-30 * time.Second)},
+			"LTEST32960VIN0001": {VIN: "LTEST32960VIN0001", Protocol: "GB32960", Longitude: 120.1, Latitude: 30.2, SpeedKmh: 42.5, TotalMileageKm: 12345.6, ObservedAt: now.Add(-30 * time.Second), Online: true},
 		},
 		stations: []HydrogenStation{{ID: "1", Name: "测试加氢站", Longitude: 120.2, Latitude: 30.3}},
 	}
@@ -126,6 +126,33 @@ func TestRealtimeVehicleAndHydrogenStationQueries(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected stations: %#v", stations)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRealtimeVehicleOnlineUsesAnyFreshProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 8, 3, 19, 30, 0, 0, time.FixedZone("CST", 8*3600))
+	repository := &fakeRepository{
+		app: AppCredential{ID: 9, Name: "vehicle-map"},
+		vehicles: map[string]AuthorizedVehicle{
+			"浙A12345": {VIN: "LTEST32960VIN0001", Plate: "浙A12345"},
+		},
+		realtime: map[string]RealtimeVehiclePoint{
+			// The selected GB32960 point can be older while JT808/MQTT keeps the VIN online.
+			"LTEST32960VIN0001": {VIN: "LTEST32960VIN0001", Protocol: "GB32960", Longitude: 120.1, Latitude: 30.2, ObservedAt: now.Add(-2 * time.Minute), Online: true},
+		},
+	}
+	service := NewService(repository)
+	service.now = func() time.Time { return now }
+
+	vehicles, err := service.QueryRealtimeVehicles(context.Background(), "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef", "trace-any-source", RealtimeVehicleRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(vehicles) != 1 || !vehicles[0].Online || vehicles[0].MotionStatus != "idle" {
+		t.Fatalf("fresh alternate protocol should keep vehicle online: %#v", vehicles)
+	}
+	if vehicles[0].TimeDifferenceSeconds == nil || *vehicles[0].TimeDifferenceSeconds != 120 {
+		t.Fatalf("selected source record time must remain auditable: %#v", vehicles[0])
+	}
+}
 func (f *fakeRepository) CreateApp(_ context.Context, input AppInput, hash [sha256.Size]byte, prefix string, from time.Time, to *time.Time, actor string) (App, error) {
 	f.createdHash, f.createdPrefix = hash, prefix
 	return App{ID: 1, Name: input.Name, AppKeyPrefix: prefix, Status: input.Status, ValidFrom: from, ValidTo: to, CreatedBy: actor}, nil